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Styles and Movements

"Bad Painting" '85 New Wave 19th Century American Art 19th Century American Paintings and Works on Paper 19th Century French Academy 19th Century German Realism 20th Century Art Abstract Art Abstract Expressionism Abstract Painting Abstract Photography Abstract Sculpture Abstract versus Figurative Art Abstraction-Création Action Painting Afrofuturism American Impressionism American Modernism American Prints 1880–1950 American Realism American Regionalism American Sculpture 1830–1950 American Tonalism American Works on Paper 1880–1950 Art Brut Art Deco Art Informel Art Nouveau Arte Povera Ashcan School Barbizon School Baroque Bauhaus Bay Area Figurative Art Beijing East Village Bengal School of Art Black Arts Movement Black Mountain College Body Art CalArts Capitalist Realism Chicago Imagists Chicano Art Cluj School CoBrA Colab Collaborations and Collectives Color Field Painting Conceptual Art Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism Concrete Art Constructivism Contemporary Academic Realism Contemporary Archaeological Contemporary Art Contemporary Asian Art Contemporary British Art Contemporary Canadian Art Contemporary Color Fields Contemporary Conceptualism Contemporary DIY Contemporary Fact versus Fiction Contemporary Fauvist Contemporary Faux Naïf Contemporary Feminist Contemporary Figurative Drawing Contemporary Figurative Painting Contemporary Gestural Abstraction Contemporary Glass Contemporary Gothic Contemporary Graphic Realism Contemporary Grotesque Contemporary Impressionist Contemporary Indian Art Contemporary Latin American Art Contemporary Middle Eastern and North African Art Contemporary Minimalist Contemporary Modernist-Type Photography Contemporary Op Art Contemporary Participation Contemporary Portrait Painting Contemporary Re-creations Contemporary Realist Portrait Photography Contemporary Scandinavian Art Contemporary Surrealistic Contemporary Traces of Memory Contemporary Turkish Art Contemporary Use of Textiles Contemporary Vintage Photography Cubism Cynical Realism Dada Dansaekhwa Danube School Dau Al Set De Stijl Deconstructivism Deutscher Werkbund Die Brücke Documentary Film Documentary Travel Photography Dusseldorf School of Photography Dutch and Flemish Early Computer Art Early Renaissance East Village Art Expressionism Fashion Photography Fauvism Faux Naïf Feminist Art Feminist Art and Contemporary Feminist Figurative Art Figurative Painting Figurative Sculpture Fluxus Folk Art Funk Art Futurism Geometric Abstraction German Expressionism Gestural Abstraction Gothic Art Graffiti and Street Art Grand Manner Group Material Group Zero Group f/64 Gutai Happenings Harlem Renaissance Helsinki School of Photography High Renaissance Hudson River School Hyperrealism and Photorealism Iconic Works of Art History Identity Politics Impressionism Impressionism and Contemporary Impressionist Japanese Erotic Prints Japanese Photography Japonisme Kanō School Land Art Landscape Photography Light and Space Movement Luminism Mannerism Medieval Art Mexican Muralism Minimalism Minimalism and Contemporary Minimalist Modern Jewelry Modern Photography Modern and Impressionist Art Modern and Impressionist Prints Mono-ha Nabis Neo-Conceptualism Neo-Concrete Art Neo-Dada Neo-Expressionism Neo-Geo Neo-Impressionism Neo-Plasticism Neoclassicism Net Art Neue Sachlichkeit New American Color Photography New American Documentary Photography New British Sculpture New Leipzig School New Topographics New York School Nineteenth Century French Realism Northern Renaissance Nouveau Réalisme Nul Group Old Master Drawings and Prints Old Master Influenced Fantasy Old Masters Op Art Orientalism Orphism Pattern and Decoration Movement Pictorialism Pittura Metafisica Pointillism Political Minimalism Political Pop Pop Art Pop and Contemporary Pop Post-'70s Ego Generation Post-Impressionism Post-Internet Art Post-Painterly Abstraction Post-War American Art Post-War European Art Post-World War I European Classicism Post-World War II School of Paris Postminimalism Pre-Raphaelites Pre-World War II School of Paris Precisionism Process Art Progressive Artists' Movement Purism Relational Aesthetics Renaissance Art Rinpa School Rococo Art and Design Romanticism School of London Self-Taught, Folk, and Outsider Art Shin Hanga Social Action Social Realism Socialist Realism Soviet Nonconformist Art Spatialism Spiral Group Street Photography Studio Museum in Harlem Artist-in-Residence (AIR) Program Suprematism Surrealism Surrealistic Symbolism Synchromism The Aesthetic Movement The Anthropocene The Blue Rider The New Fauves The Pictures Generation The Stars Art Group (Xing Xing) Traditional Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas Transavanguardia Ukiyo-e Venetian School Vienna Secession Viennese Actionism Washington Color School Works Progress Administration (WPA) Yale University School of Art Young British Artists (YBAs) Zaire School of Popular Painting

Design Movements

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Visual Qualities

Abstract Illusionism Allover Composition Angular Arabesque/Scroll Asymmetrical Balance Biomorphic Black and White Blown-Off-Roof Perspective Blurred Bright and Vivid Colors Bulbous Calligraphic Color Gradient Columns and Totems Contour Line Cracked Creased Crinkled Wrinkled Crystalline and Geological Forms Curvilinear Forms Dark Colors Dense Composition Divisionist Dotted Dynamism Earth Tones Emphasis on Linear Perspective Extreme Angle Flatness Fractal-like / Kaleidoscopic Fragmented Geometry Geometric Glittery Grid Hard-Edged Highly Detailed Highly Ornamented Iridescence/Opalescence Irregular Curvilinear Forms Irregular Linear Forms Layered Images Linear Forms Marbleized Metallic Mimicking Ruined Materials Mirrored Molecular Mr Doodle: Pop Heart Collection Pastel Colors Patinated and Oxidized Patterns Piles/Stacks Pixelated Primary Abstraction Primary Colors Psychedelic Radiating Lines Raw versus Finished Rough Scattered Composition Sharp/Prickly Shiny/Glossy Single Object Slender Slumped/Draped Smooth Surface Sparse Stained Glass Effect Striped Symmetrical Tangled Forms Transparent/Translucent Medium Viscous Forms Woven/Perforated Wrapped

Medium and Techniques

Camera Obscura Album, Folio and Fan Formats Altarpiece Altered and Substituted Canvases Analogue Filmmaking Animation Appropriation Arabic/Farsi Calligraphy Archaeological Object Art That Plays With Scale Artist's Frame Artists’ Books Automatism Bentwood Black-and-White Photography Body Casts/Body Prints Books and Portfolios Burned/Charred Caravaggesque Carving Chance Chiaroscuro Cinematic Close-Up Collage Collecting and Modes of Display Color Photography Color Theory Comic/Cartoon Computer-Aided Manufacturing Copies and Emulations Cut/Ripped Dance Delicate Materials Densely Textured or Haptic Surface Design/Architecture Study Digital Art Digital Painting and Drawing Digital Print Digital as Manual Digitally Manipulated Divinatory Objects, Talismans, and Amulets Documentary Photography Drawing East Asian Calligraphy East Asian Ink-and-Wash Painting Embossed Paper En plein air Encaustic Endurance Art Ephemera Erased and Obscured Etching/Engraving Extruded Design Film/Video Focus on Materials Folded Planes Found Footage and Found Video Fresco Frontal Perspective Generative Art Gestural Glass and Ceramics Glitch Aesthetic Gold Leaf and Gilding Handscroll Hanging Scroll Hatching History Painting Hyperrealism Illustration Imitated Material Immersive Impasto Installation Art Intaglio Intentionally Exposed Canvas Interactive Intricately Sculpted Kinetic Sculpture Large Brushstrokes/Loose Brushwork Large-Scale Painting Large-Scale Photography Large-Scale Sculpture Light Art Lightbox Lithograph Long Distance and Deep Distance Long Exposure Mail Art Manipulated Photography Manuscript Maquette Mediated View Miniature and Small-Scale Paintings Mixed-Media Monochrome Painting Monotype/Monoprint Multiple Exposure Multiple Screens Multiple Styles Murals and Wall Drawings NFT Negative Image Oil Painting Oil on Copper Oil on Panel Open Form Organic Material Outdoor Art Painting Painting and Writing Tools Panorama Paper Cut-Outs Passage Pastel Performance Art Photogram Photograph as Material Photographic Source Photographs of Surfaces Photography Photojournalism Photomontage Photorealistic Picassoesque Polychrome Sculpture Poster Poured Printed Matter Prints Process-Oriented Projection Pulled, Scraped, and Scratched Recycled Reduced-Scale Architecture Relief Rembrandtesque Repetition Research as Art Restored and Repurposed Screen Format Sculptural Use of Paint Sculpture Sculpture-Based Photography Sfumato Shallow Depth of Field Silkscreen Site-Specific Art Snapshot Aesthetic Soft Sculpture Sound Art Splattered/Dripped Spray Paint Staged Photography Stains/Washes Study Suspended/Hanging Tempera Time-Lapse Photography and Film Tondo Topographic Photography Traditional Photographic Techniques Traditional Scroll Painting Transfer Trompe l’oeil Typography Typologies Use of Traditional Techniques Vintage Photo Prints Virtual and Augmented Reality Wall Sculpture and Installation Watercolor Website Woodcut and Linocut Work on Paper

Time Periods

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Materials

Aluminum Assemblage Bone Brass Bronze Cardboard Ceramic Chalk Chrome-Plated Concrete Enamel Found Objects Gemstone Glass as Material Gold Inlay Ivory Leather/Hide Marble Metal Mosaics Natural Fibers Neon and Fluorescent Light Plaster Plastic Porcelain Resin Silver Stained Glass Steel Stone Taxidermy Terracotta Use of Common Materials Use of Ephemeral Materials Use of Paper Use of Precious Materials Use of Vintage Imagery Wood

Design Concepts and Techniques

CAD (Computer Aided Design) Children's Furniture and Design Design by Architects Design by Artists Engineering/Construction and Design Focus on Joints/Connections Handcrafted Furniture and Design Iconic Works of Design Industrial and Product Design Jewelry by Painters and Sculptors Masonry Construction Modular Design Non-Functional Design Reinforced Concrete Construction Religious Building Restrained Forms Steel/Iron Frame Construction Sustainable Design Timber Frame Construction Whimsical Design Women Designers

Cultural and Religious Styles

Aboriginal Art Ancient Egypt Art of Burma Art of Tonga Art of the Congo Art of the Ivory Coast Art of the Upper Paleolithic Asante Art Aztec Art Bamileke Art Benin Art Buddhist Art and Architecture Byzantine Art Cambodian Art Celtic Art Cheyenne Art Christian Art and Architecture Early Medieval Art Eastern Zhou Dynasty Edo Art Etruscan Art Greek Art and Architecture Greek and Roman Art and Architecture Guatemalan Art Han Dynasty Heian Period Hellenistic Art Himalayan Art Hindu Art and Architecture Hopi Art Iban Art Igbo (Ibo) Art Indonesian Art Islamic Art and Architecture Kushan Empire Maranao Art Mayan Art and Architecture Mbole Art Meiji Art Mende Art Mesopotamian Art Ming Dynasty Minoan Art Moche Art Mughal Art Mycenaean Art Native American, First Nations, and Alaska Native Art Northern and Southern Dynasties Oku Art Ottoman Art Papua New Guinea Art Phoenician Art Pre-Columbian Art Qing Dynasty Roman Art and Architecture Romanesque Art Shang Dynasty Song Dynasty Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Thai Art Traditional African Art Traditional Oceanic Art Western Zhou Dynasty Yaka Art Yombe Art Yoruba Art Yuan Dynasty Yup'ik Art

Furniture and Lighting

Armchair Bed Bench Ceiling Light Chair Chaise Lounge Chandelier Coffee Table Console Desk Dining Table Floor Lamp Furniture Lighting Mirror Sconce Seating Shelving Side Chair Side Table Sideboard Sofa Stool Storage Table Table Lamp Upholstered Furniture

Textiles

Embroidery Knitted and Crocheted Rug Tapestry and Wall Hanging Textile Arts Use of Fabric

Jewelry and Fashion Object Types

Bracelets Brooches Costume Accessory Earrings Necklaces Rings Watches

Tableware, Vessels, and Objects

Artist Merchandise and Multiples Autograph Blanket Bowl Clock Container Door Exhibition Poster Figurine Flatware Frame Glass Objects Household Objects Keychain Letter Objets de Vertu Plate Postcard Skateboard Tableware Tool Towel Toy Tray Vase Vessel Wallpaper

Antiquities, Artifacts, and Religious Objects

Arms and Armor Ceremonial Object Funerary/Commemorative Object Mask Musical Instrument Reliquary Tablet/Stele

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Christian Art and Architecture

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Tagged works

This horizontal painting is made up of three parts: in the center square panel, a woman reclines under a wooden shelter set into a rocky cave, which is surrounded by angels, and narrower wings to either side are each occupied by a standing man. All the people have pale skin, which is tinged with faint green. The three panels are joined with a gold frame, and the gold background behind the central scene and the men in the side panels are covered with a noticeable network of cracks. In the central panel, a cobalt-blue robe nearly envelopes the reclining woman’s body; this is Mary. It covers her head and falls open where she crosses her wrists over her chest to show a pink garment underneath. A flat gold halo encircles her head ,and her body is surrounded by a field of crimson red, almost like an aura. She rests under a wooden structure with a pitched roof, which is surrounded by craggy, barren rock. A swaddled infant lies in a rectangular, tray-like manger. The infant’s head is also surrounded by a gold halo. Fine gold rays emanate down into the structure from a star just above the peak of the roof. A bull and a donkey look down at the baby from the far side of the manger. The interior of the structure behind them is black. In a smaller scale, two women wash a haloed infant in a tub in front of the rocky cave near the lower left corner of this panel. A man with a white beard and hair sits to our left of Mary, holding a pink cloak at his throat and looking toward the infant. Above and around the rocks, seven winged and haloed angels cluster on each side. One angel to the right presents a scroll with black writing to two men accompanied by a dog and several sheep in the lower right. The man in the panel to the left, Isaiah, has a gray beard and long, wavy hair, and he wears a lilac-purple cloak draped over a coral-orange robe. In his right hand, on our left, he holds an unfurled scroll with large black lettering. His other hand is raised with one finger pointing upward. He looks to our left, away from the central scene. On the right, Ezekiel, echoes Isaiah's pose. Ezekiel holds an open scroll with his left hand, on our right, and his other hand is raised. He also wears a coral-colored robe, but his is overlaid with a blue cloak. His receding hair is short and brown, as is his beard. Like Isaiah, he takes up most of the height of the panel and gazes to our left, toward the central panel.

A man hangs from a wooden cross at the top center of this vertical painting, with a woman standing at the foot of the cross to our left and a man to our right, all in front of a deep landscape with mountains along a river. All the people have light skin. The feet of the man on the cross, Jesus, line up with the tops of the heads of the people standing below. Jesus hangs by a nail driven through each palm, and his overlapping feet are nailed into a short platform that angles downward. He has shoulder-length brown hair and a short brown beard. His head tips forward, and his eyes are downcast or closed. He has a straight nose, high cheekbones, and his lips are closed. Blood trickles down his forehead from a ring of thorns around his head, from the nails in his hands and feet, and from a short gash over his right ribs, on our left. A white loincloth is wrapped around his hips, and the end of it flutters as if in a breeze to our left. The man’s body is lean but muscular. A slip of paper with the letters “INRI” has been affixed to a small panel on the cross above Jesus’s head. Below and to our left of the cross, a woman stands with her head bowed, looking down with her hands clasped in prayer. Her hair is covered with a tan-colored veil and she wears a gold-edged, navy-blue robe that covers her head and body. She and the cleanshaven, blond man standing to our right of the cross both have bare feet. The man looks up at the cross with his lips parted. His fingers are intertwined and then flipped, palms-down, with his arms straight. His raspberry pink-robe falls over one shoulder and around his hips, over a topaz-blue, ankle-length tunic. The dirt-packed ground on which they stand is lined along the bottom edge of the panel with plants and flowers. The golden-brown land dips beyond the people, leading down to a river that winds into the distance. A castle-like structure perches on cliff-like outcroppings high along the left edge of the painting, and buildings at the foot of that outcropping line the river. Two people walk and one person fishes off a bridge near the town. A few boats, one with full sails unfurled and another possibly with oars out to row, float in the river beyond, which is flanked in the deep distance by mountains painted blue in the haze. The horizon comes about halfway up the composition, crossing the painting just beneath Jesus’s feet. The sky above deepens from pale yellow along the horizon to robin’s egg blue where a few wispy clouds create streaks along the top edge.

Le Couronnement de la Vierge

A woman and child sit on an ornate gold, curving throne in front of a shimmering gold background in this vertical painting. Two winged angels in roundels at the upper corners and the woman and child all have peach-colored skin with a gray cast. The woman tips her head toward the child, to our right. She has almond-shaped eyes, a long, straight nose, and her small lips are closed. She looks into the distance over the child’s head. She wears a scarlet-red mantle that covers her head and drapes over her shoulders and body. The azure-blue of her dress beneath is visible at her throat and over one knee. The child sitting on her knee is as tall as a toddler but has adult proportions in his face and body. He holds up his right hand, on our left, and raises the first two fingers. He holds a red scroll in his other hand. He wears a forest-green robe over a salmon-pink garment. The clothing of both the woman and child have geometric gold lines indicating folds in the drapery, and both have gold halos. The child’s halo is marked with three red arms to create a cross above and to the sides of his head. The woman rests her feet on a low stool in front of the opening of the elaborately carved, two-tier throne that nearly encircles the pair. The winged angels in the upper corners have gold halos, brown hair, jeweled, gold garments, and each holds an orb and scepter.

The Birth and Naming of John the Baptist

A winged angel with arms crossed kneels across from a young woman sitting and holding a book, both under an archway in a paneled room in this vertical painting. They both have pale, yellow-toned skin, blond hair, and flat, gold halos. They also have golden brown eyes, long, straight noses, smooth cheeks, and their pale, pink lips are closed. To our right, the woman sits in a throne-like chair with her body facing our left. Her head tilts down, and she looks toward the angel under lowered lids. Her hair is pulled back under the neck of the lapis-blue cloak she wears over a crimson-red dress. The dress and cloak are trimmed with gold, and a there is a gold starburst on the cloak over her left shoulder, closer to us. She holds her other hand up near that shoulder with her fingertips brushing her chest. With her other hand, she holds open the pages of a small book in her lap, so her fingers overlap some of the words. The entire Latin inscription would read, “virgo concipiet et pariet filium et vocabitur nomen eius emmanuel butirum et mel come dit ut fiat reprobare.” A slender, bone-white column separates her from the angel across from her, along the left edge of the painting. The angel has curly, shoulder-length hair and wears a robe with a gold, floral pattern against a burgundy-red background. Long, golden wings emerge from the shoulder blades and extend off the side of the composition. An open archway just beyond the angel is filled with streaks of flax yellow and burnt orange, possibly representing flames. Some of the walls in the room around the pair are pale olive green and other areas are darker spruce green. There are bands of coral-pink molding and inset panels of patterned mosaics. The flat ceiling of the space immediately over the pair is decorated with checkerboard panels in navy blue, hunter green, brown, and brick red. Gold lines create a ray coming from the ceiling toward the woman. At the back of the space, beyond the column separating the woman and angel, the room extends into an alcove with an arched hallway painted with gold stars against a midnight-blue background. Double doors open at the back of the alcove onto a room with a pale-yellow curtain with a mesh-like trim. We see the pair as if through a stone archway that lines the top and sides of the composition. The upper corners are filled with leafy decorations, as if carved into the stone.

A woman and two children, all with pale skin and flushed cheeks, sit together in a landscape in this round painting. The woman takes up most of the composition as she sits with her right leg, to our left, tucked under her body. Her other leg, on our right, is bent so the foot rests on the ground, and that knee angles up and out to the side. She wears a rose-pink dress under a topaz-blue robe, and a finger between the pages of a closed book holds her place. Her brown hair is twisted away from her face. She has delicate features and her pink lips are closed. She looks and leans to our left around a nude young boy who half-sits and half-stands against her bent leg. The boy has blond hair and pudgy, toddler-like cheeks and body. The boy reaches his right hand, on our left, to grasp the tall, thin cross held by the second young boy, who sits on the ground next to the pair. This second boy has darker brown hair and wears a garment resembling animal fur. The boy kneels facing the woman and looks up at her and the blond boy. The trio sits on a flat, grassy area in front of a body of water painted light turquoise. Mountains in the deep distance are pale azure blue beneath a nearly clear blue sky.

Altaar van de Rooms Katholieke kerk te Rijsbergen

Against a shiny gold background, a man with peach-colored skin nearly fills this tall, narrow, vertical panel above a row of twelve people, significantly smaller in scale, kneeling by his feet and looking up at the man, their hands together in prayer. The top of the panel comes to a point above the man’s head. His body faces us, and he looks at us with brown eyes under furrowed, dark eyebrows. His nose is long and straight, and his mouth is small with a rosy lower lip. He has a brown, trimmed beard, and his hair is receding. He holds up a gold-handled sword with a slate-gray blade in his right hand, on our left, while in his other hand, he cradles a thick black book with a gold-edged pages against his chest. The man wears a floor-length, celery-green tunic with a flowing, rose-pink robe over his left shoulder, on our right, and around his body. The robe is lined with tangerine orange and has a faint, patterned border. The toes of his sandaled feet stick out. On a smaller scale, along the bottom of the painting, six pairs of people kneel facing the center, three couples to each side. Eleven of the people gaze with heads tipped back, up at the man with their hands folded in prayer. To our right, one woman turns and gestures, mouth open, to her neighbor. Their long robes are painted in shades of shell pink, indigo blue, scarlet red, butter yellow, sage green, and chestnut brown. Some wear white fabric over their hair while others are bareheaded. The gold background is incised around the man’s head to create a halo. Molding and a band of alternating strips of slate blue and brick red enclose the pointed panel. Three shapes, like small banners, are painted in red with gold lettering around the man’s head, with an “S” at the top center, “PAU” over his shoulder to our left, and “LUS” to our right. In the blue and red band set into the frame at the lower center, an inscription reads, “NI.MCCCXXXIII M II.ESPLETUM FUIT HC OPUS.” There is a noticeable network of cracks across the painting’s surface, especially on the gold background behind the man.

A young, pale-skinned woman with reddish-blond hair sits with a nearly nude, chubby toddler standing in her lap in this vertical painting. She looks down at him, her body and face angled to our left. Thin lines creating a gold halo fan out from the back of her head. An ivory-white scarf wraps around her head and trails down the back of her neck where it is tucked into a dark, teal-blue cloak covering her shoulders and draping across her lap. Under the robe, she wears a loose, cherry-red gown with vertical pleats over her chest. The baby, also with pale skin, reddish blond hair, and a delicate gold halo, looks up at her face with light brown eyes. He stands on the woman’s right thigh, to our left. One of the woman's hands wraps around his body and supports his legs, while she props up his chest with her other. A length of pale gray fabric wraps over one shoulder and around his stomach. The two are situated in front of a column and pillar supporting a horizontal lintel overhead. The view beyond is of a blue sky over a golden field with dark green conical cypress trees in the distance.

A woman sitting on a throne supports a baby as twelve winged angels look on, all framed in a carved, gilded pointed arch in this vertical panel. It is the center of a three-panel triptych. The background behind all the people is gold, and the top of the panel comes to a rounded, pointed arch under a second taller, sharper point. Trios of spiraling columns frame the left and right sides. The woman, child, and angels all have pale skin tinged faintly with green, and rosy cheeks. They all have blond hair except for the woman, whose hair is covered, and all have plate-like gold halos that overlap, sometimes obscuring the bodies of others. The woman, Mary, faces us from her ivory-white, carved stone throne. She looks slightly above us with brown eyes under delicate brows. She has a small, straight nose, and her narrow pink lips are closed. The lapis-blue robe that covers her head and body is bordered with gold patterns, and has a starburst on her right shoulder, to our left. The pea-green underside of the mantle is visible where it turns over on the sleeves and down the front, and the robe is worn over an ivory-white dress patterned with gold. The child she holds with both hands, Jesus, stands on her lap and wraps one arm around her neck. His other hand grips the high neckline of her dress. He looks up with dark, close-set eyes. He has curly blond hair, a double chin, and rounded cheeks. Two tiny teeth are barely visible below his pink upper lip. Despite the rounded cheeks, his face looks more like that of an adult, and the proportions of his body are also adult-like. He wears a gold-trimmed, pale pink robe over a blue garment, which stops just short of his bare feet. The twelve angels surrounding the throne are grouped in trios, with three looking on to our upper left, three to our upper right, and then two trios gathered in each lower corner. Their wings and robes are painted in tones of celery green, ruby red, butter yellow, and pale rose pink. Each has a triangular diadem above their foreheads. The floor beneath is patterned with gold against a burgundy-red background. Above Mary and Jesus, a bearded man is shown from the chest up in a shape made of three lobes alternating with three points. That man faces us and holds up his right hand, to our left, with the first two fingers raised. He wears a shell-pink garment under a green robe, and holds up an open book with Latin text with his other hand. The frame around Mary, Jesus, and the gable above is carved and gilded. Barely discernable, the panel is inscribed across the bottom below the throne, “AVE MARIA GRATIA PNELA DOMINUS.” The pages of the books read, “EGO SUM A O PRINCI PIU FINIS EGO SUM VI A. VERITAS VITA.”

A woman sits in the center of this vertical panel painting and gazes down at a baby lying across her lap while two winged angels hold up a red, gold, and black brocade-like patterned cloth behind her. All the people have pale skin, pink cheeks, blond hair, and flat, gold halos. The woman’s body is angled slightly to our right, and she holds her hands crossed over her chest as she gazes down at the baby. The woman has a straight, pointed nose and a small, pink-lipped mouth. Her azure-blue robe covers her head and drapes over much of the crimson-red dress beneath. The edge of the robe and cuff of her dress are trimmed in gold. The baby lies with his arms slightly raised, and he looks up at the woman. His hips and legs are wrapped with sheer white cloth. The angels in the upper corners of the panel both wear robes in the same azure blue of the woman, and the garments have a gold band around the high waist and gold around the neckline. They look at the woman and hold up the cloth that falls behind and under her and the baby.

The Adoration of the Magi

Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)

St. Catherine of Siena and the Beggar

A man stands, leaning on a staff used like a crutch, in a deep, rocky landscape in this round-topped vertical painting. The cleanshaven man has tanned skin and sparse gray hair. He is nude aside from a slate-gray cloth that wraps around his hips. The hand not bracing the crutch is held in a loose fist at his chest. A few plants grow and bloom along the bottom of the panel. The dirt path on which the man stands winds through low, grass-covered mounds to a cave opening at the base of a tall, steep cliff face. A lion stands on the path between the man and the cave. An owl perches in the bare, spike-like branches of a spindly tree growing to our right of the man.

A man, woman, and four winged angels gather and kneel around a nude infant lying on the ground under a stone arched opening set in front of a landscape in this vertical painting. All of the people have pale white or lightly tanned skin. To our left, the woman wears gold-edged, royal-blue robes and has long, curly brown hair. The baby lies on the hem of her robe, his body facing her. An older, balding and bearded man kneels to the right, leaning on a walking stick. He wears a red garment under a green robe, and he holds a hat in his hands as he gazes at the baby. About a third the size of the man and woman, two of the angels kneel between the man and woman and another pair kneel to our left of the woman, seeming close to us. The angels wear colorful gold, pink, red, or yellow robes and all have long wavy blond hair. Their hands touch in prayer and all look down toward the baby. The people are sheltered in front of a crumbling stone wall under a wooden structure. To our left, a cow and donkey are penned in a stable. Two pairs of men stand near or lean on the other side of the rock wall that encloses the scene. A landscape with green rolling hills and a distant town with towers and buildings fills the background beneath a clear blue sky. A triangular structure made of wood beams is framed within the carved archway, which seems to separate us from the space of the painting. The face of the arch looks like it is carved with a nude man atop a column to the left and a similar woman to the right, and with miniature scenes stacked on tiny platforms curving upward to the apex of the arch.

This painting depicts a man with light skin, white hair, and a white beard wearing an orange cloth draped over a dark-blue garment with gold embroidery around the shoulder and neckline. He holds two large red keys in his left hand, and a thin, red, cross-topped rod in his right hand. There is a faint outline of a halo around the man's head, which is slightly turned to the right. The background is gold, enclosed within a red, white, and black patterned border.

In front of a crumbling stone building, an older man kneels in front of a second man, smaller in scale, hanging from a tall, wooden cross, with a city in the background in this vertical painting. Both men have pale skin. At the lower center of the composition, the kneeling man, Saint Jerome, pulls his navy-blue robe to one side to expose his muscular but slender bare chest with a bloody mark at its center. With his other hand, he holds a rounded, gray stone touched with pink, also suggesting blood, by his side. He has long, silvery-gray hair and a long, pointed beard. His pink lips are parted, and we see his teeth. He raises gray eyes to look up at the man on the slender cross, which rises along the left edge of the composition. The man on the cross brown hair, a plate-like gold halo, and a white loincloth is draped across his hips. The shell-pink ground is littered with rocks. A red hat with a shallow brim and a tasseled chin cord sits near Saint Jerome’s sandaled feet. A miniature lion lies between Saint Jerome and the arched opening of the crumbling, terracotta-red structure along the right edge of the painting. Ivy grows up one side of the arch, and an hourglass and book with a red cover and gold-edged pages sit on a white cloth under the opening. An owl perches on a branch of an oak tree growing from the front face of the structure, and a hawk sits on a branch of the fruit tree growing from the stone courtyard, between Saint Jerome and the crucifix. A shrub with dark green leaves and clusters of three olive-green fruits fills in most of the space beneath the canopy of the fruit tree. To our right and in the distance, a man with a pointed black hat, a black jacket, and white pants rides away from us on a gray horse. To our left, the courtyard gives way to an amphitheater-like space. There, next to a donkey, a man with a long white beard hands a bundle of wood or planks to another man whose brown hair is cut into a ring encircling his head. Both men wear rose-pink garments over navy-blue togas. A town with white and pale pink stone buildings rises up a hill into the distance. The sky above deepens from honeydew green along the horizon to pale then peacock blue along the top edge of the composition. A few ice-blue, white, and light gray clouds float across the sky.

Against a deep, hilly landscape, a young woman sits facing us on a rocky ledge with a small child in her lap in this square painting. The woman and child, Mary and Jesus, both have pale skin and blond hair. Mary wears a cobalt-blue gown over a coral-pink undergarment that peeks out from under the bottom hem and at her cuffs. A paler blue mantle is draped over the back of her head and falls to cover her shoulders and body. A sheer white veil covers her hair and forehead. Jesus wears a sheer white, loose, long-sleeved tunic. Both gaze downward to the bunch of green grapes Mary holds delicately in her left hand, to our right. Jesus reaches forward with both hands to pluck some fruit as Mary supports his body with her other hand. An oval shaped, woven basket with a lid sits on the ground next to Mary’s feet. The gray, rocky outcropping on which they sit is blanketed with straw-colored moss or other growth. A small clearing behind the pair is framed by trees on either side. The trees have tall, slender trunks speckled with light gray patches and canopies of olive and celery-green leaves. To our left and beyond the outcropping, a gray donkey stands behind a tree, nibbling on some grasses at the edge of the outcropping. To our right, in the middle distance, a pale-skinned, bearded man stands and arches back with a long stick raised overhead, as if about to strike the tree in front of him. Beyond him and about two-thirds of the way up the panel, a row of dark green shrubbery separates the clearing from rolling blue hills in the distance.

Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude

A winged angel, a woman, and a baby are gathered on a terrace that overlooks a softly lit landscape in this vertical painting. The people all have parchment-white skin tinged faintly with green, delicate gold halos, and they are close to us. The baby is round and plump, and faces us as he lies on his side on a carpet of pine-green grass dotted with small white and pink flowers. A band of caramel brown spans the lower edge of the painting. Propped up on one elbow, the baby turns his blond head to look at the woman kneeling beside him to our right. The woman, Mary, towers over the baby with her body angled slightly to our left. A midnight-blue cloak trimmed in gold is wrapped around her coral-red gown. The fingertips of her raised hands lightly touch as she bows her head and lowers her brown eyes to look at the child. A transparent white veil drapes over her blond hair. To our left, the angel also kneels and looks down at the baby with arms crossed over the chest. The angel has curly, copper-red hair and wears a carnation-pink robe over a transparent chemise. Semi-transparent, bronze-colored wings nearly disappear into the background. Just beyond the trio, a low balustrade with an opening near Mary encloses the space. A colonnade with arched openings extends into the distance to our left, behind the angel. A flat, olive-green wall rises the height of the painting behind Mary. Between them, the landscape is carpeted with moss and celery-green grass, and dotted with trees. A river winds toward slate-gray hills in the deep distance.

Icon of the Virgin and Child

Ivory Plaque with Enthroned Mother of God ("The Stroganoff Ivory")

Processional cross

Crucifix with Scenes of the Passion

A woman wearing a cobalt-blue robe and a white veil sits with her hands raised, palms out, as she looks toward a slender, bearded man who stands to our left in this vertical painting. Both have light skin and delicate features, and they sit in a room with stone walls and arched windows. There are faint circles under the woman’s light brown eyes. She has a long slender nose, and her pink lips are pursed. One knee is bent, and she is low to the ground, suggesting she sits on a stool. A book lies open on a wooden stand in front of her to our right, below her left elbow. The ruffled edges of her multi-layered, white veil sweep over her forehead and down to her shoulders. Her loose, long-sleeved blue garment is edged with gold and falls in angular folds to pool at her feet. She holds her long-fingered, slender hands up at her chest, palms facing the man to our left. He stands with his body angled toward her as he looks down, his head tipped slightly forward. His brown hair falls over his shoulders. His voluminous, gold-edged, red cloak is fastened at his throat with a gold, jeweled brooch, and it drapes over his shoulders and around his lower torso, leaving his arms, chest, and a gash over his right ribs exposed. He holds a tall, gold staff topped with a jeweled cross in his left hand, to our right. A moss-green pennant flutters back from the base of the cross, as if lifted in a breeze. The man holds up his other hand so the palm faces the woman with the first two fingers raised. Round, puncture wounds with red blood mark the palm of that hand and tops of both bare feet. The floor is patterned with gray, brown, blue, and green tiles. The wall behind the woman has honey-brown paneling along the bottom half and the top half is slate gray. Gray columns are spaced along that wall, supporting a curving, vaulted ceiling. Two arched windows pierce the wall behind the woman, and both have stained glass designs within the curving tops. The window closer to us opens onto a narrow view of a landscape with a rose-pink arch over a bridge, and a path winding through green fields. An open door over the shoulder of the man, to our left, shows the stepped roofline of a pink building under a blue sky. The entire scene is framed with a flattened arch supported by gleaming columns of polished, veined brown stone, creating the impression that we look onto the people and room through the arch. The columns have leafy capitals and white bases. The tan-colored arch is carved with a row of stylized rosettes along the opening that spans the top of the painting.

Shown from the waist up, a pale-skinned man with long, honey-blond hair and beard faces us in front of a gold background in this vertical painting. The man has a long face and nose, with closed peach-colored lips, which turn slightly down at the corners. Almond-shaped, hazel-brown eyes under arched brows stare over our left shoulder. His rose-pink robe is covered by a spruce-blue mantle that drapes over the left shoulder, on our right, and wraps around the waist. The robe and mantle are trimmed with gold. His right hand, on our left, is raised with the index and middle fingers extended up. The other hand holds an open book so the pages face us. The top edge of the pages is burnt orange, and the left and right edges are moss green. The side facing us is inscribed in gold letters, “ECO SUM LUX MUNDI.” A halo incised into the gold background surrounds the man’s head, and clusters of five dots in dark red, blue, and black are placed at the top and to either side within the halo. The panel on which this is painted has a five-sided, angular arch on top that frames the man’s head. A border within the frame has a pattern of gray circles and scarlet-red diamonds against a navy-blue band. The border follows the contours of the panel but runs behind the man’s body, as if he stands in front of it. The panel is framed with dark wood.

Oksaal (koorafscheiding), afkomstig uit de kerk te Helvoirt

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